Indian Polity: Fundamental Rights

Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12 to 35). They are known as the Magna Carta of India.

Classification of Fundamental Rights

• Right to Equality: Articles 14 to 18 (e.g., Abolition of Untouchability under Art. 17).
• Right to Freedom: Articles 19 to 22 (e.g., Protection of Life and Personal Liberty under Art. 21).
• Right against Exploitation: Articles 23 and 24.
• Right to Freedom of Religion: Articles 25 to 28.
• Cultural and Educational Rights: Articles 29 and 30.
• Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32.

Key Features & Facts

• Justiciable: They are enforceable by the courts in case of violation.
• Article 32: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called it the “Heart and Soul of the Constitution.”
• Suspension: Can be suspended during a National Emergency (except Articles 20 and 21).
• Right to Property: Removed from the list of FRs by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.

Question for you: Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the “Right to Education” as a Fundamental Right?

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