General Science: Cell – The Unit of Life

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 while observing a thin slice of cork.

Cell Organelles and Functions

• Nucleus: Known as the “Control Center” of the cell; contains genetic material (DNA).
• Mitochondria: Known as the “Powerhouse of the cell” because it produces energy in the form of ATP.
• Ribosomes: Responsible for protein synthesis.
• Lysosomes: Often called “Suicide bags” because they contain digestive enzymes that can destroy the cell.

Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

• Cell Wall: Present only in plant cells; provides rigidity and protection.
• Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells for photosynthesis; contain the green pigment Chlorophyll.
• Vacuoles: Large and central in plant cells; small or absent in animal cells.
• Plasmids: Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules found mainly in bacteria.

Question for you: Which cell organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins and lipids within the cell?

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