Indian History: The Mauryan Empire

Founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE after overthowing the Nanda dynasty, the Mauryan Empire was the first pan-Indian empire, covering most of the Indian subcontinent.

Administration and Economy

• Arthashastra: Written by Chanakya (Kautilya), it serves as a comprehensive treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy.
• Pataliputra: The capital city, described by the Greek ambassador Megasthenes in his book Indica.
• Centralized Government: The empire was divided into provinces, each headed by a Kumara (royal prince).

Ashoka the Great

• Kalinga War (261 BCE): A turning point that led Ashoka to abandon Bherighosha (war) for Dhammaghosha (peace).
• Dhamma: A code of ethical conduct including non-violence, tolerance, and obedience to elders.
• Edicts: Proclaimed through 14 Major Rock Edicts and Pillar Edicts using Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts.
• Third Buddhist Council: Organized by Ashoka at Pataliputra to purify the Buddhist Sangha.

Question for you: Which Mauryan ruler is famously known as ‘Amitraghata’ (Slayer of Foes) in Greek records?

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