Revolt of 1857: The First War of Independence

The Uprising of 1857 was a major turning point in Indian history, marking the end of East India Company rule and the beginning of the British Crown’s direct administration.

Major Centers and Leaders

• Delhi: Led by Bahadur Shah Zafar and General Bakht Khan.
• Kanpur: Led by Nana Saheb, assisted by Tantia Tope and Azimullah Khan.
• Lucknow: Led by Begum Hazrat Mahal during the siege of the Residency.
• Jhansi: Led by Rani Lakshmibai, who fought valiantly against Sir Hugh Rose.
• Bihar: Led by Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur.

Causes and Consequences

• Immediate Cause: The introduction of the Enfield Rifle with greased cartridges (beef and pork fat).
• Doctrine of Lapse: Policy by Lord Dalhousie that fueled resentment among Indian rulers.
• Government of India Act 1858: Transferred power from the Company to the British Crown.
• Viceroy: The designation of the Governor-General was changed to Viceroy (Lord Canning being the first).

Question for you: Who was the British Governor-General of India during the Revolt of 1857?

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