| Environment and Ecology Class-1 PDF |
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The link of PDF of this Environment and Ecology Class-1 is given below the explanation of the class, you can download the PDF by going below.
Environment and Ecology Class-1
In this Environment and Ecology Class-1, we will discuss about the Syllabus of Environment and Ecology for Prelims and Mains, UPSC Environment and Ecology Trend Analysis for Prelims and Mains, Some Previous Years UPSC Environment and Ecology Questions for Prelims and Mains etc.
Syllabus for UPSC Prelims (Environment and Ecology):-
- General issues on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity, and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization.
Syllabus for UPSC Mains (Environment and Ecology):-
- Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
UPSC Environment and Ecology Trend Analysis (Prelims)
UPSC Environment and Ecology Trend Analysis (Mains)
Some Previous Years’ UPSC Prelims Questions (Environment and Ecology)
Q1. A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in that area but its existence is threatened due to the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following could be that animal? (2011)
a) Indian wild buffalo
b) Indian wild ass
c) Indian wild boar
d) Indian gazelle
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Q2. Consider the following protected areas: (2012)
1. Bandipur
2. Bhitarkanika
3. Manas
4. Sunderbans
Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q3. Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by (2013)
a) carbon dioxide and nitrogen
b) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
c) ozone and carbon dioxide
d) nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide
Q4. The most important strategy for the conservation of biodiversity together with traditional human life is the establishment of (2014)
a) biosphere reserves
b) botanical gardens
c) national parks
d) wildlife sanctuaries
Q5. Which one of the following is the best description of the term “ecosystem”? (2015)
a) A commodity of organisms interacting with one another
b) The part of the Earth which is inhabited by living organisms.
c) A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
d) The flora and fauna of a geographical area
Q6. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (2016)
Proper design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ programme can significantly contribute to
1. protection of biodiversity
2. resilience of forest ecosystems
3. poverty reduction
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q7. According to the wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, which of the following animals cannot be hunted by any person except under some provisions provided by law? (2017)
1. Gharial
2. Indian wild ass
3. Wild buffalo
Select the correct answer using the cade given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q8. In which one of the following States is Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary located? (2018)
a) Arunachal Pradesh
b) Manipur
c) Meghalaya
d) Nagaland
Q9. Why is there a great concern about the ‘microbeads’ that are released into environment? (2019)
a) They are considered harmful to marine ecosystems.
b) They are considered to cause skin cancer in children.
c) They are small enough to be absorbed by crop plants in irrigated fields.
d) They are often found to be used as food adulterants.
Q10. Among the following Tiger Reserves, which one has the largest area under “Critical Tiger Habitat”? (2020)
a) Corbett
b) Ranthambore
c) Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam
d) Sunderbans
Q11. What is blue carbon? (2021)
a) Carbon captured by oceans and coastal ecosystems
b) Carbon sequestered in forest biomass and agricultural soils
c) Carbon contained in petroleum and natural gas
d) Carbon present in atmosphere
Q12. “Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a: (2022)
a) Database created by coalition of research organizations
b) Wing of “International Panel of Climate Change”
c) Committee under “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”
d) Agency promoted and financed by United Nations Environment Programme and World Bank
Q13. Consider the following fauna: (2023)
1. Lion-tailed Macaque
2. Malabar Civet
3. Sambar Deer
How many of the above are generally nocturnal or most active after sunset?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None
Some Previous Years’ UPSC Mains Questions (Environment and Ecology)
Q1. Enumerate the National Water Policy of India. Taking river Ganges as an example, discuss the strategies which may be adopted for river water pollution control and management. What are the legal provisions of management and handling of hazardous wastes in India? (200 Words) [10 Marks] (2013)
Q2. Environmental Impact Assessment studies are increasingly undertaken before a project is cleared by the Government. Discuss the environment impacts of coal-fired thermal plants located at coal pitheads. (200 Words) [12.5 Marks] (2014)
Q3. Discuss the Namami Gange and National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) programmes and causes of mixed results from the previous schemes. What quantum leaps can help preserve the river Ganga better than incremental inputs? (200 Words) [12.5 Marks] (2015)
Q4. Rehabilitation of human settlements is one of the important environmental impacts which always attracts controversy while planning major projects. Discuss the measures suggested for mitigation of this impart while proposing major developmental projects. (200 Words) [12.5 Marks] (2016)
Q5. ‘Climate Change’ is a global problem. How India will be affected by climate change? How Himalayan and coastal states of India will be affected by climate change? (250 Words) [15 Marks] (2017)
Q6. How does biodiversity vary in India? How is Biological Diversity Act, 2002 helpful in conservation of flora and fauna? (Answer in 250 Words) [15 Marks] (2018)
Q7. Define the concept of carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment. Explain how understanding this concept is vital while planning for sustainable development of a region. (Answer in 250 Words) [15 Marks] (2019)
Q8. What are the key features of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) initiated by the Government of India? (Answer in 250 Words) [15 Marks] (2020)
Q9. Discuss the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made in India in this conference? (Answer in 250 Words) [15 Marks] (2021)
Q10. Discuss in detail the photochemical smog emphasizing its formation, effects and mitigation. Explain the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. (Answer in 150 Words) [10 Marks] (2022)
Q11. What is oil pollution ? What are its impact on the marine ecosystem ? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India? (Answer in 150 Words) [10 Marks] (2023)
This is all about the Environment and Ecology Class-1. In next class, we will discuss about the Environment, Ecology, Levels of organization studied in Ecology etc.
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